10,11 Most recently, a joint position statement was published by the Australian Diabetes Educators Association, the Australian Diabetes Society, the Dietitians Association of Australia, Exercise and Sports Science Australia and the Pharmaceutical Society of Australia. Regarding screening for T2D, little has changed since The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP) and Diabetes Australia joint guidelines adopted the alternative HbA1c screening pathway in their 2016 edition (Table 1). 9–12 The move was supported by the Australian Government which, in late 2014, introduced new pathology item numbers to be funded through the Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) for HbA1c pathology tests to screen for diabetes.Īustralian clinical practice guidelines for screening and managing diabetes are regularly updated. 8 Within five years, the WHO’s recommendation had been officially adopted in Australia. 6,7 In 2011, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended the use of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) as an alternative. 1,2,6įor years, fasting blood glucose (FBG) followed by a glucose tolerance test (GTT) was the standard approach used to screen and diagnose dysglycaemia, prediabetes and T2D.
1 Early detection of prediabetes and those at risk of developing prediabetes are key elements in reducing the progression to T2D.
1,2 For example, the prevalence of T2D in adults who identify as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander is almost twice that of the general Australian population, with 7.9% or 64,100 adults self-reporting this diagnosis in 2018–19. 2 The aetiology of T2D is multifactorial and includes increasing age, genetics and lifestyle factors. 1 Due to the anticipated rising prevalence of T2D, associated costs will continue to rise. 1,2,5 By 2015, T2D was the 12th largest contributor to Australia’s disease burden, accounting for an estimated 2.3% ($2.7 billion) of total disease expenditure.
2–4 A staggering 67% of adults in Australia (12.5 million adults) are overweight or obese, which increases their risk of either developing T2D or experiencing more complications from T2D. 1 An additional one in six Australians older than 25 years are estimated to have impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or impaired fasting glucose (IFG) that is collectively referred to as prediabetes. Approximately one million Australian adults (4.1% of those aged 18 years and over) have type 2 diabetes (T2D).
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